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The constraint for the optimization is to ensure that the product temperature profile, Tb, is below the target temperature, Ttarget.
Simulations confirm that microvascular composite panels can cool typical battery cells generating 500 W m−2 heat flux below the target temperature of 40 °C.
As predicted, maximum product temperatures were controlled slightly below the target temperature of −25°C, and the cascading Tf-ramping cycle is the most efficient cycle design.
In some experiments, we applied temperature cycles between several tens of degrees above and below the target temperature for a few minutes in order to obtain fewer and larger melt globules via thermal convection (Figure 2).
In the hypothermia group, a drop of body temperature during initiation of cooling of more than 0.5°C below the target temperature was found in 1 patient with conventional cooling, 3 patients cooled with the water-circulating cooling device and 3 patients with the gel-coated external cooling device.
Similar(54)
The temperature at the three damaged reactors is below 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit), the target temperature for cooling them, a Tepco spokesman, Tetsuya Terasawa, said.
After the target temperature was reached, we measured the percentage of time the patient's temperature was 0.2°C below or above the target temperature.
After the target temperature was reached, we measured the percentage of time the patient's temperature was 0.2°C below or above the target range.
Temperature was maintained within 0.3°C of the target temperature.
The target temperature was 600 K.
The target temperature for induction was 33.5°C.
More suggestions(15)
below the isotropisation temperature
below the solidus temperature
below the air temperature
below the peak temperature
below the target stimulus
below the target effectiveness
below the hybridization temperature
below the peritectic temperature
below the optimum temperature
below the freezing temperature
below the target thickness
below the recrystallization temperature
below the equilibrium temperature
below the target current
below the target rate
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