Sentence examples for below the substrate from inspiring English sources
The surface layer prevented the dehydration of the substrate and ensured it remained waterlogged when the water level in the bioreactor fell below the substrate surface in summer.
The diffraction peaks of both films are located right below the substrate peak, implying that the in-plane lattice parameters of both thin films are identical to that of the substrate.
Numerical simulations using Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method coupled with anisotropic perfectly matched layer (APML) boundary conditions verify that the proposed metallic lens can focus the radiation on the scale of a wavelength below the substrate and the method is effective for the design of nano-optical devices such as optical microprobes.
Phaeocollybia attenuata can readily be differentiated in the field by the long wirelike pseudorhiza extending below the substrate, and microscopically by the much more heavily ornamented limoniform-globose spores and absence of pleurocystidia.
Shadow size is measured as all angles where the shadow strength is at least 25% below the substrate without a moth.
The Toluidine Blue assay, while effective for approximate surface carboxylate quantification, has the propensity to label carboxylic acid groups below the substrate surface where enzyme attachment is not possible due to inaccessibility issues.
The front section of the worm (the "atoke") remains below in the substrate.
The present paper discusses the critical indentation depth below which the substrate has negligible effect on the indentation response of layered systems.
Similar profiles of hardness and elastic modulus along the coating of about 45 μm thickness is found, and both values in the compact region remain mainly constant before finally declining to below those of the substrate in the outer loose region.
The X-ray beam was aligned above the film's critical angle and below that of the substrate's, at 0.17° with respect to the substrate.
At both stations, the X-ray beam was aligned above the film's critical angle and below that of the substrate, at 0.16 0.17° with respect to the substrate.
