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However, rats acutely exposed to lead below the reference blood concentration showed an increase in left ventricular systolic pressure [32].
Acute exposure to lead below the reference blood concentration increases systolic arterial pressure by increasing angiotensin II levels due to ACE activation.
We accordingly developed an experimental model of acute lead exposure in rats that produces blood lead levels below the reference blood concentration [10], [33].
Redundancy may, however, reduce error caused by sensor drift or sensor signal dropout, because sensor signals may inappropriately drift above or below the reference blood glucose, or the sensor signal may dropout to generate an inaccurately low glucose signal.
Very large errors, defined as the sensor value being 50% or more above or below the reference blood glucose value, were also significantly reduced by using the mean (0.4% [0.1 1.2]) or median (0.5% [0.2 1.2]) of four sensor values compared with one sensor (2.6% [1.6 4.0], P < 0.001).
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Reference blood glucose levels were measured by the YSI 2300 STAT Plus (YSI, Yellow Springs, OH) every 30 min. Carbohydrate was administered when the reference blood glucose level dropped below 70mg/dll.
Study registrars prepared the reference blood slides in the clinics.
Large errors, defined as the sensor value being 25% above or below the reference venous blood glucose values, were significantly reduced by using the mean values (9.5% of values [95% CI 5.8 15.4]) or median values (10.0% [6.2 16.1]) from four sensors compared with one sensor (17.5% [13.3 23.0], P < 0.001).
Patients were treated with 15 30 g oral carbohydrates if reference blood glucose fell below 60mg/dLL.
In addition, the ICU nurses could also adjust insulin infusion rates based on reference blood glucose values obtained during study observation periods (see below).
Arterial blood gas analysis results gave that CO2 and O2 levels were below the reference values in 27 of 33 patients (81%).
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