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As proven below, the population after chromosomal multiplication will deviate from HWE.
For reasons that will be discussed below, the population of the K63-Ub2 clostatetate is about 70%.
However, when agents evaluate their payoffs in comparison with the population average payoff (called social comparison), those agents with payoffs below the population average tend to be dissatisfied with the game outcomes.
A z-score is negative when the raw score is below the population mean and positive when above.
Boorse understands this as functioning "more than a certain distance below the population mean" (1977, 559) for the relevant set of humans.
Here we observe a strong effect: proximity based central individuals have an ApEn value that is even below the population average meaning that these individuals are more regular than the average.
Sigal et al. [24] measured variability and memory in nuclear proteins, finding that the time it takes for cells expressing a protein above or below the population mean to 'relax' towards the average is longer than one cell generation.
BMI was approximately 1 SD below the population reference mean.
At baseline, the SF-12 means were about 1 SD below the population mean on mental health and 2 SD below the population mean on physical health.
Vitamin D was independently related to mortality at levels below the population median.
Z is negative when the group's mean is below the population mean.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com