Sentence examples for below the pKa values from inspiring English sources

When the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of the fluorophores (4-substituted 1, 8-naphthalimide) are lower than the HOMO energy level of protonated receptor (dipicolylamine-H+), the fluorescence responding to Zn2+ ions is not influenced by pH, meanwhile, the chemosensors can work in acidic media with pH below the pKa values.

However, EDTA chelation efficiency is progressively reduced as the carboxyl groups become protonated at pH levels below the pKa values of 10.2, 6.2, 2.7, and 2.0, and therefore the role of pH and chelation still cannot be assessed independently.

The pH values of the media were adjusted to 4.5, which is slightly below the pKa value (the pKa value of acetate is 4.76).

At an external pH below the pKa value (Lambert and Stratford 1999), the acetate predominantly assumes an undissociated lipophilic form and can permeate the plasma membrane by simple diffusion.

This typically occurs when the pH decreases below the pKa value (for example, formate pKa 3.77, acetate pKa 4.76, butyrate pKa 4.83) [ 27].

The pKa values, only, may be calculated over this temperature range using the equation.

Applying the obtained equation and employing the same method to literature data in DMSO, the pKa values for conjugate aids of DMF and DMSO can be calculated, showing DMSO·H+ to be more acidic (pKa = 2.9) than DMF·H+ (pKa = 5.7).

Calculations based on the pKa values of TCA confirm this suggestion.

PropKa3.1 was used to determine the pKa values of H80 in monomers of the crystal structure and the different clusters generated in MD simulations67.

Simulation may also give estimates of the pKa values of the ammonium ions.

Moreover, an increase in the pKa values was verified for the sensing units in the polymers.