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Furthermore, given that country-specific results are equally spread above and below the null value, increased power would not change our overall finding of no clear effect direction.
Further, for ordinal explanatory variables, the point estimates switched from above to below the null value as the implied risk of exposure increased, failing to provide evidence of an association that was not detected by hypothesis testing (N.B. all authors of the primary research papers used significance testing with p<0.05 as the criteria for significance).
The adjusted PTD findings were also largely null with most RRs below the null value of 1.0.
ORs for women with exposures in the 50th to < 75th and 75th to < 95th percentile ranges were below the null value.
As indicated, we observed several statistically significant inverse associations (ie, RRs below the null value of 1.0), such as for the lung and bronchus, colorectal and breast cancers.
Finally, we selected the reference measure which had the largest F-statistics and thus limited the values of RVs below the null value of 1.
Similar(52)
In these circumstances, the apparent trend arises from a comparison of exposure categories with SMRs distributed below and above the null value of 1.0.
RR point estimates in these studies were fairly evenly distributed above, below, and at the null value of 1.0, with no evidence that subgroups with greater exposure experienced a higher risk.
When restricting the analysis to children with PFOA exposures below the median (n = 5,262), for ADHD alone all ORs were near the null value and CIs were wide (data not shown).
For example: represents an integer which has the Null value.
All confidence intervals included the null value.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com