Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(37)
Of clinical relevance, though, is the finding that subjects with a low IQ at 72+ months had a height z-score below the normative level even though they had a z-score corresponding to their norm at baseline.
Subjects were included if suffering from memory impairment as reflected by scores within or below the normative data ± 1.5 standard deviation for impaired population (a maximum of four scores above the norm was allowed) in the computerized tool.
A recent study of hormone levels in people with PWS aged 16 years and older demonstrated testosterone levels below the normative range in 19 of 23 males, and LH levels below the normative range in 5 of 24 males, while FSH levels were variably low, normal, or high in the same cohort [27].
For analysis with the DF regression technique, UK or US families were selected if at least one child scored >1.5 SDs or >2.0 SDs, respectively, below the normative mean for any one of the reading-related traits (see Figure 1).
The descriptive IQ results for the SCH study group are representative of previously published studies of cognitive deficits in DMD, with the mean FSIQ, VIQ and PIQ scores being found to be approximately one standard deviation (15 IQ points) below the normative mean of 100, with a VIQ-PIQ deficit of approximately 7 IQ points.
Four of the nine WAIS-III and WMS-III index scores fell below the normative mean.
Similar(23)
These discrepant results underscore the importance of determining a standard criterion for cognitive impairment in cancer patients, such as that proposed by the International Cancer and Cognition Task Force (i.e., two or more tests at or below −1.5 SD from the normative mean or one or more tests at or below −2.0 SD from the mean) (33).
Patients who showed a performance below the average of the normative data in at least two (out of seven) test measures were informed about the CR training program and were asked if they would like to attend.
The mean score in this task was also below the national normative mean in all clusters.
Cognitive impairment was defined as test scores 1.5 standard deviations below the respective normative group mean.
As a result of the pilot, the questionnaire was shortened and pictures were added to the normative messages as described below.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com