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Serum levels below the norm are commonly seen in advanced stages of deficiency.
Babies and young children, who fall below the norm, are labeled stunted.
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The subscales with the highest proportions below the norm were emotional (32.8%) and physical (29.3%) well-being, and overall QOL (26.2%).
Though the percentage below the reference norm is about 40%% among Maasai children in 2000, it is closer to 50%% in 1985 and 1989.
Payment below the sectoral norm was practiced by about one-third of all firms (Schnabel 1995 70).
In this study a very conservative criterion for cognitive impairment (at least 2 SDs below the appropriate norm) was applied.
On the basis of pointed cut-offs, the definitions of MLA types are as follow: Clark angle values below lower range of norm are described as a flatfoot, Clark angle values above higher range of norm are defined as a high-arched foot.
Mean scores more than a standard deviation below the U.S. American norm were observed in the dimensions of 'role limitations due to emotional problems', 'social functioning'mentaltal health' and 'bodily pain', see Fig. 1.
Cognitive delay was defined by a test result more than -1 SD below the norm (that is to say, IQ ≤ 85).
The following norm was kept: a mean below 3.0 was considered as insufficient, a mean between 3.0 and 3.5 implies that there is room for improvement with regard to the concerning item, and a mean of 4.0 or higher is considered as good.
The mean scores of intention to delay intercourse, beliefs about pregnancy, beliefs about HIV, attitude towards delayed sexual intercourse, self-efficacy to delay intercourse and the perceived social norm were just below or just over 4 (e.g. agree), which is relatively high.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com