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According to Wheeler (13), any eight data points below the mean represent a shift in the direction or a change in the system.
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The metric used most often for PROMIS scales is the T-score, where the scale's center is set to the mean of a general population, and each 10 points above or below the mean represents one standard deviation unit [ 4, 14, 15].
This mean represents the NS.
A cut-off of 1.5 standard deviations below the mean was chosen to represent significantly poorer functioning.
Thick lines represent the mean, shaded regions represent ±SEM.
The mean is represented by a dot.
The horizontal axis represents different functional abilities with zero representing the population mean, and each unit to the left representing one SD below the mean.
Points represent the mean and error bars represent the SEM.
A score of 40 represents one standard deviation below the mean for the general US population.
° Using one hand to be the mean and one hand to represent the spread of the data below the mean.
The whiskers represent one standard deviation above and below the mean (open square).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com