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Osteopenia is defined as bone density that is more than one standard deviation below peak bone density (T score −1), and osteoporosis is defined as bone density that is two and a half or more standard deviations below the mean peak bone density (T score −2.5).
As previously pointed out, the World Health Organization has defined osteoporosis as a BMD of 2.5 standard deviations (SD) below the mean peak bone mass of young healthy adults (Table 1) (grade A recommendation).
The authors described OP as a bone mineral density (BMD) of 2.5 standard deviations below the mean peak bone mass as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a BMD of 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean peak bone mass (average of young, healthy adults) as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
1 World Health Organization (WHO) defined osteoporosis as a bone mineral density (BMD) of 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean peak bone mass (average of young, healthy adults) as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Concentration-dependent growth inhibition by single agent treatment with gemcitabine or pemetrexed was observed in both A549 lung carcinoma and CAL-27 head and neck carcinoma cell lines, with IC50 values <1.0 μM in all cases, which is well below the mean peak plasma concentration of both drugs achievable in patients [ 40, 41].
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The mean peak pressure was 20 ± 5 cmH2O.
Often, extent of bone loss experienced during this period results in osteoporosis (>2.5 SD below mean peak bone mass of average young adults) or osteopenia (1.0 2.5 SD below mean peak bone mass of average young adults).
If younger than 54 years, BMD had to be ≥3.0 standard deviations (SD) below mean peak bone mass or ≥2.5 SD with at least 1 prevalent vertebral fracture; if ≥55 years of age, BMD had to be ≥2.5 SD below mean pike bone mass or ≥2.0 SD with at least 1 prevalent vertebral fracture.
Interestingly, Study 2 had xylitol salivary levels slightly below Study 1 and had its highest mean peak concentration at the latter half of the sampling period compared to Study 1.
This is in agreement with the earlier conclusion that a guideline value has to be below 1 ppm both for the mean and peak concentrations (Nielsen and Wolkoff 2010).
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