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Specially designed bellows, manufactured by Beakbane Ltd for the UK's National Oceanography Centre (NOC), will play a crucial role in a pioneering project that will explore Lake Ellsworth, an ancient lake trapped 3 km below the ice of Antarctica.
FRIGID, lightless waters, many fathoms below the ice of Antarctica and far from any open sea, might not sound like an ideal home but there are scores of species, including jellyfish and crustaceans, who find that it suits them perfectly well.
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Lake Vostok contains an environment sealed off below the ice for millions of years, in conditions which could resemble those of the hypothesized ice-covered ocean of Jupiter's moon Europa.
AGU president-elect Bell will discuss the latest findings from the ROSETTA project, which is using instruments above and below the ice to produce new images of Antarctica's Ross Ice Shelf, the ocean, its floor, and deep geologic structures.
Up above were the bare branches of the trees, and beyond that the buildings lining Central Park South, and down below the thin ice of the pond and the occasional quack-quack.
Writer particularly enjoyed "Above and Below the Sea Ice of Antartica", in which the Weddell seal was spied on from a sub-ice observation chamber.
And as that water accumulates below the ice sheet, sections of the ice lift off the ground and start flowing rapidly toward the coast, explains Gordon Hamilton, an associate research professor at the University of Maine, Orono.
The study found that meltwater quickly moves from the surface to deep below the ice surface, and about of a quarter of it apparently lingers there, according to the study.
Sub-zero conditions near the south pole mean there are comparatively few species on the usually frozen land, but below the ice, the relative lack of pollution, traffic and fishing has left an abundance of marine life that divers and biologists compare to coral reefs.
Far below the ice at the heart of the continent, there appears to be an anomalous hotspot.
That suggests the brine below the ice may harbor one of the coldest and most saline ecosystems on Earth.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com