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Studies of hybrids within the Drosophila simulans clade have reported genes expressed above or below the expression observed in their parent species, and such misexpression is associated with male sterility in multigenerational backcross hybrids.
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In 5 of these cases, the diverged paralog had an expression significantly below the level of expression observed in S. cerevisiae.
Under DD conditions we see these genes are expressed at or below the nadir level of expression observed under LD conditions.
The increase in prostate size in response to 50 pg/mL (0.22 nM) BPA in organ culture is below the threshold observed for stimulation of either Ar or Esr1 gene expression observed in the present study.
Thus, the magnitude of changes in insulin promoter activity seen in our hits and the increases in insulin gene expression observed upon follow-up (below) should be considered robust and physiologically significant.
We describe the expression patterns observed for these two processes below using proteome data where appropriate.
A summary of the expression pattern observed for each of the 24 candidate genes is described in Table 1 and Table S3. Figure S1 depicts the expression profiles of three selected candidate genes described below.
After a median follow-up of 6 years, DCIS with CD10 expression below the levels observed in normal tissue (71%) demonstrated a higher risk of local relapse (HR = 1.88; [95CI:1.30–2.70], p = 0.001) in univariate analysis.
Progesteron receptor is highly expressed only in small uterine leiomyomas, whereas in large leiomyomas expression drops below the levels observed in the control group.
Maximal levels of expression from pGTLMIK were achieved with 100 ng/ml and 1 μg/ml Dox, whereas pGTRTL required a concentration of 1 μg/ml for full induction, and expression levels remained below the maximum observed with pGTLMIK.
At a concentration of 5 µM, GSI inhibited ligand-dependent activation, and suppressed expression below the basal level observed in co-culture with the parental 3T3 Flp-in cells, as might be expected based on the ability of GSIs to block the activity of all Notch family members expressed on the tumor cells (Figure 4).
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