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These findings confirm the general conclusion that, even if repetition could contribute to students' learning, the gain obtained would not be enough because their achievement stills remains below the expected mean for that grade.
Z-scores indicate the standard deviations of the offspring's birth weight above or below the expected mean for gestational age and sex.
Renal hypoplasia is defined as abnormally small kidneys (greater than two standard deviations below the expected mean when correlated with age or other growth parameters) with normal morphology but reduced nephron number [ 16].
Climate change will have a greater impact on rates of severe stunting (height more than three standard deviations below the expected mean), which the authors estimate will increase by an average of 31 62%, depending on region.
A collection of all UniGenes is available for every assembly and the distribution of contig lengths is shown in Figure 1, where the longest reads correspond to Sanger reads and the mean length of GS-FLX Titanium reads are below the expected mean length due to the extremely high number of low quality nucleotides (52.5%, Table 2).
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The program for optimum contribution selection allows adding the constraint that the expected mean breeding value of the offspring does not fall below a certain value.
Deviations from the expected mean are classified in distinct categories.
It is shown below, however, that despite the discrepancy in the MFR, the estimated velocities for non-uniform flow fit well with the expected mean velocities.
The expected mean values for both pre-test and post-test in the high-risk group can also be calculated as follows: (5) Expected pre − test mean high − risk = μ ± Cσ (6) Expected post − test mean high − risk = μ ± Cσρ where values are added whenever high-risk is indicated by values above κ, and subtracted whenever high-risk is indicated by values below κ.
In our study, 50% of SLIC probands performed poorly (>1 SD below the expected population mean) on nonword repetition, but a significant number (27%) scored above the expected population mean.
The results showed stress levels below the expected tensile strength of Si.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com