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A concentration curve falling below the diagonal (concentration index >0) indicates that surgery rates are less concentrated in the first population group (lower quintiles of economic level) and more concentrated in the last population groups (higher quintiles of economic level).
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The opposite is true when the concentration curve lies everywhere below the diagonal, which would imply a positive concentration index.
"above/on/below": number of real-simulated comparisons above, on and below the diagonal, with "above" indicating single copy concentration.
When the concentration curve lies above (below) the diagonal, the area 'C' is assigned a negative (positive) value.
But there is no cadre of which the disadvantaged districts have a larger share of the health workers than is suggested by their relative population levels (i.e. all concentration curves in Fig. 3 fall below the diagonal).
Its value is negative when the concentration curve is above the diagonal and positive when the curve is below the diagonal.
This means that L has only zeros above the diagonal and U has only zeros below the diagonal.
The few data points below the diagonal (indicated by arrows) represent trifurcations in both trees.
Boys below the diagonal, girls above the diagonal.
SNPs are above the diagonal, Indels below the diagonal.
bGirls are presented below the diagonal.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com