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Depending on the characteristics of the system, and the width of the beam, the first problem might nonetheless mean that such a technique may only be applicable to an ionosphere above a certain density threshold, since the power per unit volume could otherwise be low enough for the backscatter from a weak ionosphere to fall below the detectability threshold of the system.
The amount of thiosulfate was much lower in tissues than in plasma, and for some tissues, such as brain, it was below the detectability threshold (Tiranti et al, 2009).
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Two factors affect whether δPiq exceeds the detectability threshold - the amplitude of Siq and the amplitude of δAi.
The detectability threshold of the viral load ranged from 20 to 500 copies/ml for the M0 M20 period and from 20 to 400 copies/ml for the rest of the follow-up.
However the number distribution of events with energy shows the prevalence of weak flares strong enough to expect that the heating requirements of the quiescent corona could be achieved when extrapolating the distribution below the detectability treshold.
This is a statistical effect only in the sense that a "true" dataset is filtered due to a detectability threshold.
The normal concentration range fell below the detectability levels of this method.
As a consequence, D2O concentrations above 60% were not studied because the dilution required would render the GFP yields below the detectability level.
In all cases, cyclohexanol and 2-butanone were the only products detected, and carbon balances above 95%% were obtained, suggesting that any potential byproducts produced below the detectability limit of the analytical instrument are present at a relatively negligible level.
There are different possible mechanisms generating this situation; (i) a pair of orthologous genes loses their sequence similarity below the threshold of detectability, (ii) convergent evolution, and (iii) a gene functionally substitutes for another gene.
The amount of prion infectivity that is below the threshold of detectability of our bioassay but that might be present in the urine of the sCJDMM1 patients was estimated in infectious unit (IU) per milliliter with 95% confidence interval (CI) (rather than in 50% infectious dose [ID50]) by assuming a Poisson distribution in the response variable (32 ).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com