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For a jet velocity v = 100 m/s, the transit time of a particle within the beam is T = D/v ≈ 1.2 ns and the electron fluence is JT = 8.2 × 10−8 C/cm2, far below the damage dose ≈10−2 C/cm2.
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The tested doses are below the minimal dose (4 mg/kg) required to produce memory impairment in rats (Roldan et al, 1997).
Furthermore, this effect was observed at doses below the standard therapeutic dose of 150 µg/m.
In phase II studies, normally one dose level below the maximal tolerated dose is used.
Importantly this effective low continual dose likely occurs much further below the drug dose classically defined as the 'Minimum effective dose'.
FS is nearly dose-independent below the critical dose for embrittlement.
Where available (n = 4), the estimated fetal dose was below the threshold dose (<0.1 Gy).
The MTD is therefore the dose below the stop dose level.
The total dose of ropivacaine injected was, however, below the maximum dose recommended by the manufacturers.
In that system, high doses elevated inversions, but these were suppressed below spontaneous levels as the dose decreased below the upper dose threshold.
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