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Shade-grown coffee is cultivated below the canopy of the trees, integrated into the complex biodiversity of the landscape.
Below the canopy of forests that smother eastern CAR, the cult-like militia of Joseph Kony is on the move.
Overall, rainfall KE per area was reduced by 59% below the canopy of the studied saplings.
In addition, seedling survival was greater below the canopy of resprouting woody vegetation than in the open.
Earthworm abundance was highest below the canopy of Z. gilletii averaging 389 individuals and 160 individuals m−2, respectively, compared to 14 individuals m−2 after 10 years of cultivation.
However, the population appears to be spreading slowly, and, while there is a significant seed-bank in some places (~ 1000 seeds m− 2), this is largely restricted to below the canopy of existing plants.
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They fertilize the canopy of old forests.
Layne McDowell glanced over his left shoulder, through the canopy of a Navy F/A-18, to an Afghan canyon 9,000 feet below.
Emerging from the canopy of forest to an open field, the warm sun was taking rest below the horizon of tall grass blanketing the Earth.
The study was conducted to explore the possibility of using Solanum khasianum based silvi-medicinal system to utilize the below canopy of Chir pine forest for enhancing the productivity of forests besides the conservation of the medicinal herb.
"Not all OPM larvae will be feeding in the canopy – oak trees are three-dimensional and leaves will be emerging on branches that are well below the canopy and out of reach of the aerial spray.
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