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According to FDA guidelines, a value of 0 was assigned for residues below the analytical method's limit of detection while trace findings were reported at the measured value.
A special classification of missing data is those that fall below the analytical method LOD (i.e., censored data).
GSDis were calculated using various methods for treating values below the analytical method detection and quantitation limits.
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Conversely, all naturally present radionuclides (other than 235U, which, if present in these STPs, would have levels below the sensitivity of the analytical method) with half-lives greater than 132 days were detected in some of the STPs examined in this work.
For all samples, the As, Ca, Cd and Pb concentrations were below the LOQ values of the analytical method.
For temperatures under 140°C, nicotine deliveries were below the reporting limit of the analytical method (0.1 mg/sample).
Repeatability of the analytical method was below 5% RSD for all individual components.
The relative standard deviation for the intra-day repeatability was below 5%, representing good precision of the analytical method used.
The monosaccharide concentrations in ozone-treated samples differed less than 5%%, which is below the estimated standard deviation of the analytical method used.
The obtained values for the analysed elements were always below 7% proving the good repeatability of the analytical method.
Because of the large number (57%) of concentrations below the method's LOD and the imputation of concentrations below the LOD, the median value of 7.6 μg/L was below the reported LOD of 11.0 μg/L for the analytical method (high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet light detection) that Berkowitz et al. (2004) employed.
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