As will be discussed below, sediment resuspension, which provide active denitrifiers from benthic hotspot, accounts for the "driving force" of severe N removal within overlying oxygenated water.
Metals were generally below sediment quality guidelines except for nickel and arsenic.
Sediment coring is needed to determine if peat is in fact held in below-surface sediments (e.g., [18, 22, 42]).
They probably were formed by the melting of ice driven from the poles and deposited at lower latitudes during periods of high obliquity (see below Polar sediments, ground ice, and glaciers).
Below the sediments, the crystalline basement is encountered at 1.4- to 5.0-km depth (Figure 1) and exhibits several indications of convection associated with the fracture system that ranges from micro-cracks to local faults.
Similar to transect A, the thick unit of homogeneous mud is followed by a coarse-grained sequence at coring sites LEF 1, 46 and 47, for which entirely different geochemical characteristics are documented compared to the above and below lying sediments (Figs. 3, 4, see also Section 4.2).
Decanting was always done by candlelight, because only when the decanter was lit from below could the sediment be seen properly.
Both chemical types were removed most efficiently from the aqueous phase when MWCNT concentration was below 1.5% dry sediment weight.
Even more seriously, 10,000 billion tonnes of methane (a greenhouse gas 20 times more potent than CO2) are stored, according to the US Geological Survey, on the shallow floor of the Arctic, in sediments below the seabed.
