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In the commentary below, references are made to specific questions in HARDSHIP.
Objectors can also request an extension up to 30 days – which is what the document (see below) references.
In the current study, the height of Iranian boys aged 14 years and above fell below references ranges.
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Differentiated ES cells were obtained from MC1 cells by LIF withdrawal (complete medium without LIF, below referenced as LIF−) or by retinoic acid (RA) treatment (complete medium with 1 µM RA, below referenced as RA) for 7 days before the test.
A man could contribute data to one, two, or all three of the below-reference groups.
For Mo groups, there was a statistically significant trend for increased odds of below-reference sperm concentration and a suggestive trend for increased odds of below-reference sperm morphology.
When adjusting for other metals and covariates, the high-Mo group was associated with an OR of 6.3 (95% CI, 1.6 25.0) for below-reference sperm concentration and an OR of 3.4 (95% CI, 1.2 9.7) for below-reference sperm morphology.
We found a significant trend for increased ORs for below-reference sperm morphology with increasing Cu quartiles.
Associations between SG-adjusted exposure tertiles and below-reference semen parameters were recalculated after excluding nine azoospermic men.
Table 3 shows the associations of below-reference semen quality parameters with quartiles of urinary TCAA concentrations.
In the adjusted models, As levels > 25th percentile were associated with increased odds of below-reference semen parameters.
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