The strains used in this study are listed below (linkage groups of mapping markers are also mentioned; see www.briggsae.org for details).
Although work on APOE alleles has dominated the field (discussed below), linkage disequilibrium between SNPs in different genes suggests that genes other than APOE, notably PVRL2, TOMM40, and APOC1, may influence the development of AD [ 31].
Genes encoding the numerous IFN genes have not yet been found in genetic screens for lupus susceptibility factors but, as we will see in the sections below, multiple linkages have been found in molecular pathways of the innate immune response (IRFs, TLRs) that lead to IFN-I production.
Finally, also plant genetic diversity and above - below-ground linkages should be considered during the restoration process, as these likely have prominent but until now poorly understood effects at the level of the ecosystem.
However, members of this family were quite divergent in terms of the sequence identity (see below, complete linkage analyses).
At the coarser scale, one important interpretation, discussed below, advocates a primary linkage of biodiversity to the maintenance of ecosystem processes — what might be called the "bio-processes" approach.
(Extension to more than one locus is trickier; see section 3.6, 'Two-Locus Models and Linkage', below).
Mendel believed that the pairs of factors responsible for different traits (e.g. seed shape and flower colour) segregated independently of each other, but we now know that this need not be so (see section 3.6, 'Two-Locus Models and Linkage', below).
We excluded persons aged below 30 because linkage is less complete in this age group [ 14] and some individuals may still be in (tertiary) education.
Medline, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were search using the search strategies reported below: MEDLINE "data linkage" as keywords in title, abstract, name of substance word, subject heading word "medical record linkage"[Mesh] Limited to years 1991-2007, thEnglishsh Language and studies involving humans.
Because ecological restoration is usually occurring on highly disturbed or degraded sites, it is important that above-ground-below-ground species linkages are permanently considered during the restoration process [ 34], and more specific, that there is a synchronisation between above- and below-ground species associations [ 107].
