Used and loved by millions

Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak quote

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak

CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com

MitStanfordHarvardAustralian Nationa UniversityNanyangOxford

below items

Grammar usage guide and real-world examples

USAGE SUMMARY

The phrase "below items" is not correct in standard written English.
It is typically intended to refer to items that are listed or mentioned later in the text, but it should be phrased differently for clarity. Example: "Please review the below items for your reference."

⚠ May contain grammatical issues

Wiki

News & Media

Science

Human-verified examples from authoritative sources

Exact Expressions

6 human-written examples

You do not need all of the below items used to remove the odor, only the one that is easier for you to find when needed.

Best of all, it also searches through comments left below items.

News & Media

TechCrunch

For other things, you can simply leave a comment below a transaction, just as you see below items on services like Facebook.

News & Media

TechCrunch

This means that we're not likely to see an 800+ comment stream below items like we saw the other day on FriendFeed during a live recording of the Gillmor Gang (yes, it was talking about FriendFeed, but still).

News & Media

TechCrunch

At the 2-year follow-up measurement (see below), items were added to measure adherence and subjective experience of adverse effects.

Using the ideal item illustrated in Figure 1, and following Santor and colleagues [ 8] operational criteria for item selection (numbers one to three presented below), items were judged on five criteria (see Table 2).

Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources

Similar Expressions

52 human-written examples

We prove below item (ii).

Update: The below item originally reported the rumor spread by Rush Limbaugh that George W. and Laura Bush voted for Hillary Clinton.

News & Media

Vice

We have explained our choice of using the term homeostasis in two answers below (item 4).

Science

eLife

The original instrument is described in Additional file 1 and the version translated into English as Additional file 2. Questions for each item are listed below: Item 1 - Think about your life as a whole.

If drip drying be sure to protect area below item in case it drips.

Show more...

Expert writing Tips

Best practice

When referencing a list or section that appears later in your document, be specific. Instead of "below items", consider using "see the list on page X" for direct navigation.

Common error

The word "below" functions primarily as an adverb or preposition, not an adjective. Incorrectly using "below" to directly modify "items" can create ungrammatical sentences. Always restructure to use it correctly, such as "the items listed below".

Antonio Rotolo, PhD - Digital Humanist | Computational Linguist | CEO @Ludwig.guru

Antonio Rotolo, PhD

Digital Humanist | Computational Linguist | CEO @Ludwig.guru

Source & Trust

82%

Authority and reliability

2.8/5

Expert rating

Real-world application tested

Linguistic Context

The phrase "below items" functions as a noun adjunct, attempting to modify the noun "items." However, this usage is grammatically incorrect as "below" typically acts as an adverb or preposition, not an adjective. Ludwig AI highlights this with a negative grammatical assessment.

Expression frequency: Rare

Frequent in

News & Media

33%

Science

33%

Wiki

33%

Less common in

Formal & Business

0%

Academia

0%

Encyclopedias

0%

Ludwig's WRAP-UP

In summary, while the phrase "below items" is sometimes used to refer to a subsequent list or group of items in a text, it is grammatically incorrect and not recommended for formal writing. Ludwig AI confirms the negative grammatical assessment. It's advisable to use more precise and grammatically sound alternatives such as "the items below", "the following items", or "items listed below" to ensure clarity and professionalism. When writing, remember that while the intent of "below items" is understood, its incorrect usage detracts from the overall quality of your text. Prioritize using alternatives that accurately convey your message and adhere to standard English grammar conventions.

FAQs

What is a more grammatically correct way to say "below items"?

Instead of "below items", you can use phrases like "the following items", "the items below", or "items listed below".

Is "below items" considered formal English?

No, "below items" is not considered formal English. It's better to use more precise and grammatically correct phrases like "the items below" or "the subsequent items" in formal contexts.

How can I rephrase a sentence using "below items" to improve clarity?

To improve clarity, replace "below items" with a phrase that specifies the relationship between the items and the current text. For example, use "see the items below", "refer to the following items", or "as detailed in the items below".

What are some alternatives to "below items" that are suitable for academic writing?

In academic writing, use alternatives such as "the items detailed below", "the undermentioned items", or "the aforementioned items" to maintain a formal and precise tone.

ChatGPT power + Grammarly precisionChatGPT power + Grammarly precision
ChatGPT + Grammarly

Editing plus AI, all in one place.

Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.

Source & Trust

82%

Authority and reliability

2.8/5

Expert rating

Real-world application tested

Most frequent sentences: