Alterations in the expression of known iron metabolism genes in these strains compared to the wild type (both grown in rich media, YPD), as discussed below, implicates DAP1, CTI6, MRS4 and YHR45W in iron metabolism.
The suggestion that the immune system (and potentially infection; below) are implicated in the pathoetiology of both diseases prompts the speculation that key deficiencies, such as of Apoe or Ldlr, only in immune cells, might alone reiterate the disease phenotype of the animal models.
This modulation may be detrimental as explained above, but as will be discussed below, IgG has also been implicated in α-syn clearance and neuronal protection, further supporting the idea that there is a fine balance between the beneficial and detrimental aspects of the immune response during the nigral degeneration that occurs in PD.
Importantly, a rapid drop in ATP below 50% has been implicated in necrotic cell death.
Childhood underweight, defined as weight two standard deviations below the mean, is implicated in 35% of all deaths of children under the age of five worldwide, or about 70 000 deaths per year [ 5, 6].
Ferritin, the iron-storage protein (see below) has also been implicated in iron-transport pathways, which may predominate in pathological states, where iron-rich intracellular ferritin is released from damaged tissues.
For LTD in the brain calcineurin also seems to be required (Mulkey et al., 1994), and as discussed below calcineurin has been implicated in the fast-to-slow shift in fibre type.
The β- hairpin loop is annotated below the alignment and residues implicated in this study in AUG recognition are highlighted in blue or pink and underlined.
Antenatal [ 3, 4] and peripartum [ 5] adversities associated with five-minute Apgar scores below 7 [ 6- 8] have been implicated in neonatal brain injury, which in turn may lead to neurodevelopmental disability [ 9- 13].
Although the role of fibrin/fibrinogen in ICH-induced BBB disruption and brain injury has not been studied, microglia activation has been implicated in both (see below).
