More than 90percentt of control subjects showed PCB 28 and PCB 101 levels below detection threshold, whereas most of the exposed subjects showed detectable blood levels of these congeners (p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test; see Table 1).
All shell extracts (whether or not pigment was detected by methods above) were further analysed through MS ion detection at specific masses (563 m/z for protoporphyrin and 583 m/z for biliverdin) to detect presence of pigments below the detection threshold of standard MS analysis.
Furthermore, one lane of 3' DGE sequencing, using the current sequencing chemistry and image processing software, had wider dynamic range for transcriptome profiling and was able to detect lower expressed genes which are normally below the detection threshold of microarrays.
1 6 This raises the possibility that de novo mtDNA mutations remain undetected in the population because they are well below the threshold required for phenotypic expression or because they lie below the detection threshold of conventional sequencing.
This indicated that the low levels of expression detected in the microarray and MPSS experiments for these genes were below the detection threshold of GUS assays in these enhancer trap lines.
Empty circles upper bound estimates (1% of total CLL cells) for subclones that were below the detection threshold of targeted deep sequencing.
At 30 minutes post-injection, all plasma cytokine levels were below the detection threshold of the assay or indistinguishable from levels measured in mice given saline control; plasma FGF2, CSF2, IL1A, IL17A, and VEGFA levels remained below the detection limit of the assay near the time of LPS-induced symptom onset (4 hours post-injection, data not shown).
The decrease in average parasite density as an infection progresses, so that it is more often below the detection threshold of microscopy, is clearly seen in artificially induced untreated malariatherapy infections1, but in our analyses of cohort studies, we could not test for this due to frequent reinfection.
In all, there is a consistent picture of the average SZ signal being able to be recovered for an ensemble of clusters despite the mass of all systems individually being below the detection threshold of the SZA survey.
However, it is likely that more residual shunts persisted earlier during the analysis phase and atrial or pulmonary shunts below the detection threshold of this technique might have had an impact on the treatment effect in this population.
