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Based on the analysis, we conclude that handling below detection data carefully is crucial to obtain more accurate estimates and also correct interpretation of the results.
In spite of this limitation, we compared the models with and without handling below detection data and found that ignoring these data is very dangerous for interpreting the results.
However, the Bayesian method fails to handle with below detection data so that it can not deal with case C. In addition, we also tried to fit case C with the Gaussian quadrature method.
To circumvent this difficulty, within linear mixed-effects model setting, Hughes (1999) used Monte Carlo integration to evaluate the E-step by repeatedly sampling from the conditional distribution of below detection data.
We then censor the viral load data at detection limit 25, producing totally 23percentt of below detection data which are imputed at 25 as observed in a real experiment.
At 6 hours after infection, cytokine levels were below detection (data not shown).
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First, the data below detection limit is completely hold out before fitting model, named as 'case A'; second, the below detection limit data are retained but assumed 25 as the true value, named as 'case B'; third, the below detection limit data are considered as censored data, named as 'case C'case
Also, the below detection limit data are missing and can thus be averaged along with random effects at the E-step.
Cellobiose remained below 0.2 g/L while the glucose concentration was below the level of detection (data not shown).
Glucose remained below the limit of detection (data not shown) in the culture medium of the AmyA-displaying strain after 2 h, indicating that the glucose formed from starch by α-amylase was immediately transported into cells through the phosphoenolpyruvate carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (Tanaka et al. 2008).
In about half of the samples the mRNA levels for CCL5 was below the limit of detection (data not shown) hindering a detailed statistical analysis.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com