A two-phase system will transition to a single phase if the concentrations of one or both polymers are decreased below the critical concentrations displayed by the binodal curve.
When dissolved in water at a concentration below critical micellar concentration (cmc), the surfactant behaves as a strong electrolyte, whereas above the cmc, the monomers form aggregates called micelles.
Below this critical concentration, nanofibers are accompanied with bead formation and, therefore, this concentration region has not received much attention.
When PHEMA polymerization is carried out in the presence of a solvent which is taken in the amounts below the critical concentration (up to 45 wt% for water), it results in the gels that keep their optical transparency.
At concentrations of lithium hydroxystearate greater than 5% by volume, the storage modulus, G′, was found to be greater than the loss modulus, G″, with both moduli increasing with increasing thickener concentration, below this critical concentration G″ was greater than G′.
Although in mice it had been demonstrated that 5%% of N2O in CO2 was as effective as 100%% of N2O in reducing the acute inflammatory reaction and the subsequent enhanced adhesion formation caused by pure CO2 [29], we preferred for this human experiment to use 10%% of N2O since it remains far below the critical concentration of 29%% when explosions might occur.
After depletion of endogenous Eg5 from egg extract and addition of mutated Eg5 deficient for phosphorylation by Cdk1, we found that this mutant localized to microtubules in amounts that are far below the critical concentration that is required for bipolar spindle formation, unless added at unnaturally elevated concentrations.
