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Even with the increases, the measured particle concentrations are still below concentration limits recommended in industry standards.
The concentrations are usually far below the µg per liter range and below concentration levels, which might have an effect on humans.
ZnO NPs show less toxicity on NIH 3T3 above concentration 50 μg/mL than that of MDA-MB-231 whereas below concentration 50 μg/mL, they retain certain toxicity.
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The EPA reported that its water-quality samples did find heavy metals in the rivers, but that they were "below concentrations" known to be harmful to humans.
The newly revealed studies show Syngenta's thiamethoxam and Bayer's clothianidin seriously harmed colonies at high doses, but did not find significant effects below concentrations of 50 parts per billion (ppb) and 40ppb respectively.
Some pollution experts minimized the findings, saying the study only revealed the power of new analytical tools to measure parts-per-trillion amounts of chemicals that are most likely far below concentrations that could harm health or wildlife.
Even below concentrations stipulated by the Japanese air quality guidelines for PM2.5 and SPM (PM7), we observed adverse health effects.
Such treatment and dilution is anticipated to render PSOA below concentrations that pose a risk to native fauna or flora.
This concentration was just below concentrations used to stimulate cells directly to proliferate.
Of the two metabolites detected, the M23 color was demonstrated in the laboratory at or below concentrations detected in semen.
In the preparation for such analysis (and subsequent analyses described below), concentrations reported below the lower limit of detection are assigned values of half the detection limit.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com