If antibiotic 1 is used alone then there would be a threshold rate of use below which resistance will not ascend and above which the frequency of patients colonized with bacteria resistant to antibiotic 1 will increase.
As noted with the deterministic model the stochastic model predicts a threshold rate of antibiotic use below which resistance will not ascend and above which it will.
Such applications can be modeled by sigmoidal-like [3] utility functions, for which a part of the utility curve is convex, representing the fact that, once the average data rate is below a certain threshold rate R ̄ t h, satisfaction of a real-time user drops dramatically.
In accordance with previously published models of haploids [ 28], we first observed that below a threshold migration rate, Wolbachia strains were maintained.
Below a threshold dose-rate of 0.0002 cGy/min (approximately the same as the dose-rate used in the present study) dogs did not display any changes in bone marrow morphology, whereas dogs exposed to dose-rates above this threshold displayed severe hematopoietic dysfunction, e.g., aplastic anemia, myeloproliferative disease, leukemia (Seed et al. 1981, 2002a, 2002b).
A sigmoid function also reflects the layered coding structure of MPEG video, which exhibits increasing returns with rate below a threshold and decreasing returns with rate above that threshold.
Some engineering estimates were made for extremely slow rates (small-crack behavior), below the commonly defined threshold rate.
According to this model, there is a range of body sizes in which metamorphosis occurs, and within this range, metamorphosis will not proceed until the growth rate drops below a threshold value.
A quasispecies can be maintained in the system only if mutation rate is below a threshold value, the Error Threshold, above which the effect of too frequently arising mutants cannot be counteracted by selection, Darwinian optimization breaks down, and the quasispecies delocalizes.
A threshold shear rate (1.5 ± 0.3 s−1) is observed below which the TT frequency drops to zero.
