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The detection aim is to minimize the probability of a wrong decision at the end of a finite horizon, and the control aim is to maintain the price of control actions below a given limit and satisfy some other design requirements.
For 15 of the 68 analytes considered (namely 13 fatty acids, furfural and sodium) all results (or, in one case, all but one) were below a given limit value.
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The controller is designed to keep the exhaust levels inside the tunnel below given limits.
Gastpar [3] studied the channel capacity of a single secondary transmission when the interference power received at the PU-Rx is limited below a given threshold, which is the so-called interference temperature constraint.
6 These suggested sample sizes are based on LQAS critical cut-off points, which enable classification of an EU below a given prevalence threshold based on the upper 95% probability limit, to minimize Type I error (probability of incorrectly classifying an area as below a given threshold).
6 Here, the maximum numbers positive for STH in order for an EU to be classified as below a given treatment threshold is based on the upper 95% probability limit, to minimize Type I error (probability of incorrectly classifying an area as below a given threshold) while maintaining a certain level of power in acceptance.
Nonetheless, the raw water sample found positive for Cryptosporidium in mid-June may indicate a fluctuating occurrence of low concentrations of oocysts in the distribution area which may be at the time of a given sampling just below the detection limit of the water testing methods.
If the labeling protocol is inappropriate, hybridization of insufficient material create "absent" values; more importantly, if the intensity of a fraction (but not all) of the probes for a given gene drops below the detection limit, normal gene expression changes will lead to incorrect detections of splice changes.
Missing values for a given metabolite were imputed with the observed minimum detection value based on the assumption that they were below the limits of instrument detection sensitivity.
Our study shows that the external magnetic field alters the elastic limit point, does not lead to equilibrium solutions below certain value of internal pressure, and can give rise to multiple equilibrium states for a given value of pressure.
This work addresses the design of distributed wastewater networks for processing a set of streams and reducing the concentration of several contaminants below given concentration limits at a minimum cost.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com