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Below a critical roughness, the rough side always entrained air at lower speeds than the smooth side.
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A critical roughness is observed from the relationship between the maximum shear stress and roughness.
However, while increasing the surface roughness of a material would result in increasing the adhesive strength, this action becomes detrimental after a critical surface roughness, which is dependent on the adherend material.
After irradiation with a low energy ion beam (15 keV), the sputtering yield increased and the surface roughness decreased with increasing ion mass and incident angle below a critical incident angle.
An embryo below a critical size is unstable.
Below a critical temperature, ELPs exist as miscible unimers, while above, they associate into a coacervate.
banded spherulites and lamellar domains structures above a critical molecular weight, and sheaf-like structures below a critical molecular weight.
MEK uptake was precluded in epoxies whose Vh was below a critical threshold value of ∼68 Å3.
The thermal stability was maintained when the pulling rate was below a critical value.
As the liquid flows below a critical velocity, the coal-fines accumulate in the bottomhole.
However, in order to avoid fast degradation, tars concentrations have to be below a critical threshold.
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