In combination with the binding of telomeric proteins, this structure is thought to hide the ends of the chromosomes from being recognized as double-strand breaks needing repair by NHEJ, which would form dicentric chromosomes and cause a mitotic catastrophe [ 7, 8].
Dual analysis was introduced using a quadrant dot plot, in which necrotic cells were identified as single PI-positive, early apoptotic cells were Annexin V-FITC-positive only, and cells in late apoptosis were recognized as double-positive for annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide.
Telomeres are bound by conserved protein machineries acting to protect chromosomal ends from being recognized as double-strand breaks.
The shelterin complex comprises the physical termini of chromosomes and serves to prevent chromosomal ends from being recognized as DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).
In addition, shelterin also helps to solve the end-protection problem by masking the ends of chromosomes from being recognized as DNA double-strand breaks and by preventing DNA damage sensing kinases from accessing telomere ends.
This complex constitutively associates with telomeres and shields the ends of linear chromosomes from being recognized as a double-stranded break, thus protecting telomeres from end-to-end fusions (Palm and de Lange, 2008).
For example, a telomere and its associated shelterin complex protect the chromosomal end from being recognized as a double-stranded break by the DNA damage responses machinery and thereby promote genome stability [ 3].
However, disclosure to one's sexual partner has been recognized as a double edged sword [74]- it has the potential to yield much needed social support [35] but may also result in stigmatization, discrimination, and potentially abandonment [74], [76], [77].
The broad economy tends to follow in downturn or intensification roughly six to nine months after the signal, as has appeared to happen in recent months, with what formally should be recognized as a double-dip recession.
Neutrophil elastase (NE) has been recognized as a double-edge sword as it can be both host-defensive and pro-inflammatory depending on its tissue level and microenvironment.
Autophagy is recognized as a double-edged sword in the regulation of health and disease [ 20].
