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All of these decisions are based on the belief these ratings actually reflect the people being rated.
While many rating systems seek to help buyers overcome information asymmetries when making purchasing decisions, we investigate how these ratings also influence the companies being rated.
Arkes [2] defines bias "as any systematic effect on ratings unrelated to the true quality of the object being rated.
Recent findings reveal the ratings are more a reflection of the rater than the person being rated.
Commonly used ratings can tell us as much about the rater as the countries being rated.
Its bonds are in danger of being rated as junk, the rating agencies say.
Live coverage is one indicator of how politicians are being rated.
China, despite being rated only AA- itself, seemed to enjoy the drama of the US downgrade.
"You know that your answers are being rated relative to the assumptions you make.
This is the rough equivalent of being rated the world's No. 1 hydrogen dirigible.
For how long will artists accommodate themselves to being rated only by price?
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com