In this regard, SPION clusters or SPION-imbedded macro-sized polymer spheres have been explored for cell imaging [8 11].
A variety of cell sources are currently being explored for use in cell transplantation studies including CNS-derived NS, neural crest stem cells (NCCS), enteric neural progenitor cells (ENPC) and embryonic stem cells (ES) [ 5, 42].
Such hydrogels are being explored for the culture of cells in vitro, as carriers for cells in vivo, or to deliver therapeutics, including in an environmentally responsive manner.
In a similar manner, platelet aggregation promoters are also being explored for wound healing and cell proliferation abilities.
Therefore, currently several tumor cells lines are being explored for their capacity to propagate viral vectors, like the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line [ 18], HeLa cell line [ 19, 20], and the PER.C6 cell line of which the latter was immortalized by transfection with adenoviral E1 proteins [ 21].
Currently, mesenchymal and muscle-derived stem cells are being explored for the treatment of urinary and anal incontinence.
Despite this, the use of hematopoietic stem cell transplants is being explored for conditions such as heart disease or autoimmune disorders.
Deregulated metabolism is gaining recognition as a hallmark of cancer cells, and is being explored for therapeutic potential.
While not the focus of this review, other sources of human-derived stem cells are also being explored for use in clinical settings.
