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Relative to molecular imaging biomarkers, which are target-specific, functional imaging biomarkers have the advantage of being downstream markers that probe general capabilities of disease, including cell death, proliferation, glycolysis, hypoxia, tumor invasiveness, angiogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis.
In addition, knockdown of ADAM17 had no effect (Figure S1), indicating that ERK phosphorylation is a proximal effect of PMA rather than being downstream of ADAM17-mediated HB-EGF shedding and subsequent EGFR activation.
Importantly, these events would be seen as being prompt and direct effects of physical force upon a wide range of weak molecular interactions, as opposed to being downstream events mediated by specific pathways of cell signaling.
The c-myc gene is a known target of the Notch signaling pathway [7], and with Hes1 being downstream from Notch receptor signaling, it is therefore plausible that Hes1 can cause c-myc up-regulation.
A set of genes (80 out of 354; 23%) is induced both by MYCN and by serum, and the kinetics of induction in the CSR are consistent with these genes being downstream of MYC.
We recently compared the expression patterns of Tbx2, Tbx3, Sall1, and Hoxd13 in stage 24 chick wing buds with the expression patterns of 46 other genes, including genes identified by microarrays as being downstream of Shh signalling and genes encoding regulators of the cell cycle [45].
Similar(37)
"It's downstream of everything else.
The technical term is downstream access.
I was just looking on the map to see if I was downstream".
Andrew Breitbart said, "Politics is downstream from culture" – but that hasn't exactly given Republicans an electoral edge in the past.
At first, it was one of the belts, then it was downstream, with one of the magnets.
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