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For example, reduced stroke volume response to dobutamine likely indicates underlying severity of illness rather than being a direct contributor to risk of death.
Similar(59)
The effect of GNPs on mitochondrial processes could be a direct contributor to the DNA damage seen upon exposure to gold nanoparticles, as mitochondria have been shown to play a role in the induction of DNA damage (Tartier et al. [2007]).
Alina Tugend, in her excellent new book "Better by Mistake," illustrates through fascinating examples how the expectation of perfection -- in business, in the practice of medicine, even in aviation -- has been a direct contributor to catastrophic failures.
Despite of these progresses, whether adiponectin deficiency is a direct contributor to the pathogenesis of breast cancer remain elusive.
This resulted in patient care being interrupted and tasks left incomplete, while insufficient staff was a direct contributor to unnecessary maternal deaths.
The results revealed that worry concerning the lives of children and spouses if the individual died was a direct contributor to headaches and sleeping badly.
In other words, two direct evolutionary implications of natural transformation of short and degraded DNA in natural settings are: (i) that DNA of dead cells is a direct contributor to the genetic diversity on which evolution works in living cells and (ii) that higher genetic diversity in dead cells will speed up the evolutionary processes in living cells (Fig. 2).
A key question is whether hyponatremia is merely a marker of severe comorbidities, or is a direct contributor to mortality; similarly, it remains unknown whether hyponatremia is merely an indicator of decreased immunological defense related to underlying disease, or results in increased susceptibility to infection.
Therefore, confirmation of a potential beneficial effect of vitamin D in type 2 diabetes is needed in trials conducted in well-defined populations (e.g., pre-diabetes and early diabetes) specifically designed to test the compelling but yet unproven hypothesis that vitamin D status is a direct contributor to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
Our findings demonstrate that oxidative stress is a direct contributor to life-history trait variation and that traditional tradeoffs are not necessary to invoke oxidative stress as a mediator of relationships between life-history traits, supporting previous calls for revisions to theory.
Thus, it is possible that hyponatremia is not only a marker of severe underlying disease that results in poor outcome, but is also a direct contributor to mortality [ 21].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com