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According to the research results, surface oxygen vacancies might help greatly to capture gaseous HCHO molecules, where chemisorbed oxygen being a cofactor for HCHO oxidation, and then the catalyst transformed HCHO into formate, carbonate and finally CO2 indicated by in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectra (DRIFTS) analysis.
It might therefore be possible that ligand triggered calcium entry is necessary for the rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton that affect the actions of contractile proteins, as well as being a cofactor for the activation of a number of intracellular signaling pathways [57].
Uroporphyrinogen III is the final common intermediate of heme and siroheme synthesis, siroheme being a cofactor for sulfite and nitrite reductases (Raux et al. 2003).
This enzyme catalyses the fourth step of Rbfl biosynthesis, and Rbfl is the precursor of Rbfl sulphates, FMN and FAD, the last one being a cofactor for the root plasma membrane Fe reductase [ 10].
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The trace element chromium is a cofactor for insulin and is important for glucose tolerance.
Copper is a cofactor for many essential enzymes in aerobic organisms.
S5_453169 was identified by MLMM (p-value of 5.95−17) to be a cofactor for resistance against PXO61 and PXO349.
GSH is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx), the redox enzyme that catalyses the reduction of lipid peroxides.
Among them, S11_27603799 accounted for 29% of phenotypic variance and was a cofactor for resistance to PXO61, PXO71, PXO112 and PXO341 based on MLMM (p-value of 4.66−25).
Furthermore, S6_28100960 was a cofactor for resistance to PXO79 (race 3b) in MLMM, confirming previous reports that Xa7 confers differential resistance against race 1, 2, 3, and 5 during flowering and later growth stages (Lee et al. 2003).
Various biological explanations, including differences in [18F]FLT metabolism, expression and activity of thymidine kinase and adenosine triphosphate levels (this is a cofactor for tyrosine kinase activity), have been proposed to explain these conflicting findings [16, 17].
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