This randomised controlled trial will establish the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a group programme, based on cognitive behavioural principles, for the management of sub-acute and chronic LBP in primary care.
This modularised programme uses cognitive behavioural principles to teach individuals with intellectual disabilities a range of strategies to manage chronic pain more effectively.
Howlin et al are asserting that there are three main strands of early interventions for children with ASD: programmes with a particular emphasis on the use of behavioural principle to improve learning and behaviour, those that have a specific focus on communication and those in which developmental/educational strategies have been employed.
Second, physiotherapists usually do not have specific knowledge of behavioural principles and are usually not specifically trained to provide behavioural therapy.
For training, the physiotherapists will receive instruction on the background and content of the protocol, and will be trained to include behavioural principles in the physiotherapeutic management of low back pain at two meetings of six hours each.
It is delivered in groups of 6 12 people by two health professionals (such as occupational therapists, nurses or physiotherapists) with experience of MS-fatigue, of facilitating group-work and an awareness of cognitive behavioural principles.
There is substantial evidence that pain management programmes based on cognitive behavioural principles are effective in terms of improving physical function and psychological well-being for long-term back pain sufferers (Morley et al, 1999).
Consequently, widely established behavioural principles, particularly the Transtheoretical (Stages of Change) Model (TTM) and Social Cognitive Theory, will be utilised to initiate exercise adoption and guide long-term maintenance [ 30, 31].
However, no further guidance is provided regarding the content of the exercise program (type, intensity, frequency and duration of exercises) or regarding integrating behavioural principles.
This is a free Internet-based self-help programme consisting of five interactive modules that introduce cognitive behavioural principles through online exercises.
