Prenatal stress (PS) impacts early postnatal behavioural and cognitive development.
Micronutrient deficiencies are common world-wide and adversely affect growth, health, behavioural and cognitive development in children [ 1].
15, 16 Factors that were hypothesised to confound the relationship between mothers' drinking and child behavioural and cognitive development were adjusted for in multivariate models.
The study focuses on four primary areas of research: (1) growth and physical development; (2) behavioural and cognitive development; (3) diseases in childhood; and (4) health and healthcare for pregnant women and children.
More recently, a number of birth cohorts were started, all including data collection in the antenatal period [ 2], but only two had a clear focus on child behavioural and cognitive development: (1) the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) [ 51] and (2) the Dutch Generation R Study [ 52, 53], which will be discussed separately.
Data collected up to age 42 by interviews with parents and cohort members and at school medical examinations include information on growth, health and health-related behaviour, family background, socioeconomic circumstances, behavioural, emotional and cognitive development, educational achievement, employment, psychosocial work characteristics, partnership and pregnancy histories.
Children of depressed mothers have a high risk of emotional and behavioural problems and cognitive development delay [ 13].
In a meta-analysis, Amato [ 26, 27] found that children from divorced families experience higher levels of behavioural, psychological and cognitive development impairments than children from intact families.
This would explain why attachment disruptions appear to have consequences for functioning and development that are not confined to the domain of close personal relationships, including behavioural maladjustment and cognitive development [ 10].
It has the potential to make a significant contribution to positive family relationships, good infant development and to the reduction of psychological adjustment difficulties and improved behavioural, language and cognitive development leading to improved educational outcomes all of which are important in functional community contribution in later years.
Concepts, kinds, and cognitive development.
