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The CMS procedure induced some behavioural changes that are compatible with the common expectations, i.e. 'anhedonic' behaviour, but in parallel behavioural alterations were observed which would be described as 'anomalous' (e.g. decreased anxiety).
Additionally, three (14%) children had precocious puberty and 13 (62%) had behavioural alterations (i.e. aggressive behaviour or irritability reported by patients).
There are no published reports of effects of prenatal sire exposure on offspring behaviour with which to compare these results, however, behavioural alterations have been demonstrated in offspring exposed to sires postnatally [18].
Behavioural alterations were assessed in between study period.
Moreover, we found that brain oxidative stress and behavioural alterations elicited by OUA were significantly correlated.
However, the behavioural alterations are subtle and influenced by factors such as species, strain, sex, and age.
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This study required the development of experimental setup and endpoint assessment that were specific to the evaluated behavioural alteration, confirming the importance of this step also for behavioural assessment.
In fishes, behavioural alteration occurs due to interference with the function of GABAA neurotransmitter receptors (Nilsson et al., 2012; Hamilton et al., 2014; Chivers et al., 2014).
Investigating the mechanism of behavioural alteration was outside the scope of this study and these hypotheses would need to be examined in future research.
Meyer et al. (2006) have shown that the nature of the behavioural alteration is dependent on when the challenge occurs within the normal developmental timetable.
Treatment with CS significantly reversed the stress induced behavioural alteration in a dose dependent manner as observed by increased ambulation, rearing and decreased immobility period as compared to the CMS group.
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