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The crack is modelled with a unilateral elastic bending-stiffness behaviour, represented by a unilateral rotational spring.
Nonlinear interface elements are used to model discrete cracks with concrete tensile behaviour represented by the cohesive crack model.
The direct shear box test results indicated that the volcanic soil has two different types of shear strength behaviour represented by bi-linear failure envelopes.
An experimental study has been aimed at examining the coalescence phenomena in aqueous solutions of aliphatic alcohols and electrolytes and at determining the effect of these surface-active compounds on bubble coalescence in viscous aqueous media with Newtonian and non-Newtonian behaviour, represented by aqueous solutions of 50 and 60 wt%, saccharose, and 0.2 and 0.5 wt%, xanthan, respectively.
This property is needed to detect a singularity eventually masked by regular behaviour represented by a polynomial of low degree.
In addition, the short-run behaviour represented by the cross-sectional data indicates non-consumed goods and zero labour supply (income) for many families.
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This behaviour is represented by Ohm's law: The proportionality constant σJ is the conductivity of the material.
The connection moment rotation behaviour is represented by three parameters, namely, initial connection stiffness, ultimate moment capacity and the shape parameter.
The fluidised bed behaviour is represented by a hydraulic model expressed in terms of the dense phase average bed density in both reactor and regenerator, vapour entrainment in the regenerator dilute phase, dilute phase bed density in the regenerator and dilute phase hold-up.
The mechanical material behaviour is represented by the Kelvin Voigt model.
In this case, the shift between T2 and T3 behaviour is represented by an odds ratio parameter.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com