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The grain boundary behaviour is modelled by cohesive-type constitutive laws, designed to capture fatigue phenomena.
The flow behaviour is modelled by a dispersed plug flow with recirculation.
Average behaviour is modelled by defining the survival function, or the probability of a representative individual travelling for a given duration on a daily basis.
The rock mass behaviour is modelled by a damageable viscoplastic constitutive law in which both viscous and damage parameters are taken into account.
This behaviour is modelled by adapting a scalable grid centred on the intercept point, and the width of the grid G D is calculated by scaling m by M: {G}_{mathrm{D}}= mM.
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The hydrodynamic behaviour is modeled by using Rankine source panel method in time domain based on two-dimensional potential theory.
Water behaviour was modelled by a double porosity medium approach.
In the last approach, the interface behaviour was modelled by a tiebreak contact.
A novel aspect of our approach is that, provided the behaviour being modelled is well described by the run and stop modes of motion, the parameters can be extracted on a microscopic scale prior to any numerical solution, and then, macroscopic behaviour can be derived without optimising or trying to fit data a posteriori.
The dynamic behaviour of these four-level chains is modelled by a system of differential equations, the linearization of which is a verticum-type system introduced for the study of industrial verticums.
This unfortunate behaviour can occur when a stochastic variable is modelled by an asymmetrical density function.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com