Vismodegib-treated mice showed decreased growth rate and behavioral responsivity to sweet and bitter stimuli, compared to vehicle-treated mice.
Male rats chronically exposed to 5 or 10 mg/kg ATR in the diet for 6 months exhibited persistent hyperactivity and altered behavioral responsivity to amphetamine.
Mixed evidence exists regarding the role of cognitive reactivity (CR; cognitive responsivity to a negative mood) as a risk factor for recurrences of depression.
Nonetheless, our findings are not overly surprising given the variable evidence in the literature regarding the differential effects of sex on the responsivity to a substance following exposure in a social situation.
Increased spontaneous activity of the dorsal horn neurons, a decreased threshold, and an increased responsivity to afferent input can cause hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain) and allodynia (a painful response to a usually nonpainful stimulus).
These findings suggest that hypoactivity of the HPA axis and thus a diminished responsivity to stress could be an important neurobiological underpinning of psychopathy in children and adolescents.
For example, the regulation of hippocampal GR expression (McGowan et al., 2009) may induce 'evolutionary appropriate' responses such as increased vigilance, alertness to danger, responsivity to novel stressors and a willingness to explore new environments (Glover, 2011).
A preserved responsivity to certain acoustical features (e.g., sustained high-frequency notes as often presented by solo performers) may represent an unconditional component of the chill response.
By contrast, MR neurons responded mostly to self-right arm motion when a monkey was socially isolated but gained responsivity to movement by self and other if placed in a social interaction.
Moreover, the apparent increased responsivity to misleading punishment was accompanied by an apparent increased responsivity to misleading reward, implicating 5-HT in the OFC and amygdala in reward as well as punishment processing.
