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Importantly, differences in Avp expression were not accompanied by changes in V1a and V1b receptors that could confound the analysis of the behavioral involvement of AVP in these lines.
By comparison, encoding of stimulus information prompted by verbal instructions required much less behavioral involvement.
To draw more firm conclusions on the role of outcome expectations in patients' behavioral involvement in treatment, more research is warranted.
While the API measures preference for healthcare information-seeking behavior for decisions not necessarily already made, the KHOS examines manifest information-seeking and behavioral involvement.
Future research could provide insight in whether other indicators of behavioral involvement, such as incorporation of skills in daily life and cooperation of patients during treatment sessions, mediate the association between expectations and treatment outcomes.
Although the association between patients' expectations and post-treatment symptom change could not be explained by homework compliance in the present study, previous studies suggest that other indicators of patients' behavioral involvement may be candidate mediators of the expectancy-outcome association.
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The KHOS measures preferences regarding information about healthcare (information-seeking subscale) and active involvement in healthcare (behavioral-involvement subscale).
Conversely, around half (49%, n = 23) reported actively seeking information (KHOS information subscale, 10.7 ± 2.1) with 40% of participants (n = 18) preferentially seeking professional help (KHOS behavioral-involvement subscale, 10.6 ± 1.6).
For the purposes of this study, we defined engagement as including both the level of involvement in an activity (sometimes called behavioral engagement), and the interest in/enjoyment of that activity (cognitive and emotional engagement).
These differences in behavioral control or involvement produced by either operant contingencies or simply task involvement may be responsible for the magnitude effect observed.
This research investigated the merits of using an established system for rating behavioral cues of involvement in human dyadic interactions (i.e., face-to-face conversation) to measure involvement in human avatar interactions.
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