Sentence examples for behavior problems were included from inspiring English sources

A selection of variables that appeared in the time-period between the 18- and 36-month assessments, and which were considered likely to affect both maternal heavy alcohol use and toddler behavior problems were included as potential time-variant confounders.

Behavior problems were defined as including "disruptive, non-compliant, aggressive, antisocial, oppositional and overactive behaviors"; and social-emotional difficulties as including "low self-esteem, social withdrawal and fearfulness"; and mood disorders as including "anxiety and depression".

Fourthly, the toddlers' behavior problems were reported by the mother.

Toddler behavior problems were measured with items from Child Behavior Checklist.

Interestingly, the rates of internalizing behavior problems were much higher than the rates of externalizing behavior problems.

Behavior problems were measured using the Conners' Parent Rating Scales-Revised and the Child Behavior Checklist.

Some evidence suggests that obesity and behavior problems are related in children, but studies have been conflicting and have rarely included children under age 4.

Measures assessing HIV risk-related behaviors, including sex behaviors and drug use behaviors, were included.

Considering the familial aggregation of anxiety and depression, partly explained by genetic factors [ 32, 50], and the co-occurrence of mental health problems in marital partners [ 40], the effect of paternal internalizing problems on reporting behavior should be included in future research.

When all covariates were included in the model, the associations were weak for internalizing behavior problems and non-significant for externalizing behavior problems.

Nineteen independent studies were included to calculate the effect size for internalizing problem behavior (N = 1,858), Table  1.