Household exposure to solid fuel for cooking and heating was expressed as use of solid fuels (ever users versus nonusers), duration of solid fuel use in years, and total amount of solid fuel use in kilograms, and average amount of solid fuel use in kilograms per year, by assessing on a continuous scale and categorized each into tertiles based on exposure distribution.
Household use of solid fuels was not significantly associated with neonatal mortality.
156 pp. ISBN: 978-9-2890-4198-0, $40 HouSolidd Use oFuelsid Fuels and High Temperature Frying IARC Geneva:WHO Press, 2010.
This describes multiple fuel and stove use, which may include a variety of solid fuels, an improved stove used alongside a preexisting (set of) traditional stove(s), or solid fuels used in combination with LPG or kerosene.
In Sub-Saharan andica, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific Region, the use of solid fuels prevails over cleaner fuel options, reaching 77%, 74%, and 74%, respectively.
With most studies included in the meta-analyses not directly measuring exposure, the effect estimates were based on exposure determined by fuel type (e.g., "use of solid fuels" or "exposure to biomass" compared with "use of other fuels").
Many areas of poverty consistently overlap with areas of solid-fuel use, although high poverty tends to be concentrated in the South, where use of solid fuels for heating is much lower.
The odds ratio for the use of solid fuels and COPD was 1.43 with 95% confidence interval of 0.36 5.73.
The results indicate that use of solid fuels increased the risk of post-neonatal and child deaths.
