Emergent from this rule-based behavior are flock patterns and simple interactions between the birds, which can be easily modeled in various programming languages (Reynolds 1987; Heppner and Grenander 1990; Couzin et al. 2002; Grégoire and Chaté 2004).
In fact, this type of behavior is found throughout nature, sometimes using different terms and referencing different organisms, such as flocking (birds), herding (quadrupeds), schooling (fish), blooms (phytoplankton) and even cancer cells (Deisboeck and Couzin 2009).
Predator avoidance behavior is an important determinant of grassland bird species' response to variation in microhabitat structure, affecting the tendency of certain species to flock [30].
"The flock is in a pretty sorry state.
Particle swarm optimization algorithm, which is modeled on the social behaviors observed in flocking birds, is a population-based stochastic algorithm.
The behaviors of individuals in flock scans were significantly different between the two habitat types (Table 2; Wilks' Lambda = 0.73; F49 49 = 4.4, P<0.004).
Generally, resistance was highest in cooler and wetter areas but was lower in flocks sampled during January March compared to flocks sampled in April–June or October December.
"This is all new registrations here" — a hundred and fifty-four in all — "and they've just been flocking in, flocking in, flocking in.
It is a population-based stochastic algorithm modeled on social behaviors observed in flocking birds.
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based stochastic algorithm modeled on the social behaviors observed in flocking birds.
The unit of interest in the model is the flock.
