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Fault segments showing velocity-strengthening behavior at low slip rates could be weakened as a result of dynamic weakening.
On the other hand, the clay-rich materials commonly exhibit velocity-strengthening behavior at low slip rates.
This suggests that a shallow fault exhibiting stable, velocity-strengthening behavior at low slip rates may be weakened by thermal pressurization.
Clay-rich materials taken from the shallow megasplay fault and shallow plate-boundary thrust show velocity-strengthening frictional behavior at low slip rates, suggesting that earthquake nucleation is unlikely to occur at shallow depths (Ikari and Saffer 2011).
However, both smectite and illite commonly show velocity-strengthening frictional behavior at low slip rates; thus, it is unlikely that the smectite to illite transformation controls the updip limit of the seismogenic zone (Saffer and Marone 2003; Ikari et al. 2007).
Pseudotachylytes in the Shimanto accretionary complex are derived from frictional melting of illite-rich slip zones that commonly show velocity-strengthening behavior at low slip rates (Saffer and Marone 2003), although some low-velocity friction experiments on illite gouge exhibit stick-slip behavior (Moore et al. 1989).
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This change results in a complicated vibration which occurs at low slip speeds.
At low slip rates or high temperatures, deformation of the clasts accommodates slip on the foliation without dilatation.
The clay-rich materials in the fault zone exhibit very low friction not only at coseismic slip velocities (ca. m/s) but also at low slip velocities (ca. μm/s) (Hirose et al. 2013; Ujiie et al. 2013).
Here we show macroscopically expected and unexpected plastic behavior at low strains, observed during in situ μLaue tensile tests on micron-sized, single slip oriented Cu samples.
They exhibit ferromagnetic behavior at low temperatures (e.g., 2 and 10 K), but a paramagnetic behavior at 300 K.
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