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The solutions are applicable to pseudoplastic fluids over a wide shear rate range from Newtonian behavior at low shear rates, through a transition region, to power law behavior at higher shear rates.
But, blood, being a suspension of cells in plasma, exhibits non-Newtonian behavior at low shear rate ( sec) in small diameter arteries [10].
For example, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solutions exhibit pseudoplastic behavior at low shear rates and dilatant behavior at high shear rates when flowing through porous media as shown in Fig. 1 (Delshad et al. 2008).
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Experimental studies on CNT nanofluid by Ding et al. [41] found the shear thinning behaviour at low shear rates but slight shear thickening at shear rates greater than 200s-1.
An almost shear rate independent viscosity (Newtonian plateau) is also exhibited at high shear rate and a typical non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior appears at low shear rates and high temperatures.
An apparent shear thinning behavior is observed at low shear rates until a critical shear rate above which shear thickening behavior takes place.
Although some studies indicate non-Newtonian behavior of nanofluids, specially at low shear rate, Wang et al. [43] and Chen et al. [45] indicated for Al2O3/EG nanofluids a Newtonian behavior at relatively high shear rates, and the value stated in this work (γ = 123 s-1) lies in that range.
The shear-induced crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) at low shear rate and low temperature was investigated by in situ optical microscopy, time-resolved small-angle light scattering (SALS) and ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Compared to PP-Br, the introduction of PS or PnBA branches onto PP backbones both led to increased η0, more pronounced shear-thinning behavior, elevated value of G′ at low shear frequencies, and reduced loss angle.
This conformational change explains the shear thinning behaviors of cross-linked melts that initiate at low shear rates.
This suggests that temperature plays an important role in altering apparent viscosity at low shear rates, which displays representative behavior of wormlike micelles (Kalur et al. 2005).
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