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In verbal fluency tests, persons are required to produce as many words beginning with a specific letter or to name as many objects belonging to a specific category as possible within limited time.
A standard score of 12 words beginning with a specific letter is expected to be produced within 1 minute.
In standard clinical versions, subjects are given 1 min to generate object names from a given category (semantic fluency) or words beginning with a specific letter (phonemic fluency).
In the subtest "Verbal Letter Fluency", participants will be instructed to generate as many words beginning with a specific letter as they could think of in 2 minutes.
For the phonemic fluency task, participants named words beginning with a specific letter (e.g., "s" in English and a different letter in the other language) in 1 min (see Table 2, for details of the behavioral data for each task).
In the former the participants' task is to generate words beginning with a specific letter and in the latter the participants' task is to generate words belonging to a specific category.
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As he described it, the iPod did not begin with a specific technological breakthrough, but with a sense, in early 2001, that Apple could give this market something better than any rival could.
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Finding evidence begins with a specific, well-built clinical question.
The COWAT consists of three one-minute trials in which participants are instructed either to say as many words that begin with a specific letter as possible.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com