In developing the assay, we first determined the optimal period of time between the beginning of the gene expression and the addition of the chemical compound.
Second, model B suggests an overshoot of phosphorylated CERT at the beginning of the ectopic expression of CERT in Additional file 1: Figure S6C, which was not the case for model A. In addition to this visual inspection, we decided to use the Bayesian framework for a sophisticated model comparison that also takes differences in model complexity into account.
The segmentation process in Drosophila occurs in multiple stages, beginning with the expression of gap, pair-rule and segment polarity genes [25].
XCI begins with the expression of XIST and stabilization of its noncoding RNA transcript in cis, along the X chromosome that is destined for inactivation [3], [4].
We estimated that 15 and 24h was the beginning of expression of the UAS- gfp reporter gene in the follicle cells and the larval tissues, respectively, and a complete expression was recovered after 24h in the follicle cells and 48h in larvae (Fig. 2B and C, left columns).
As the effects in humans begin with the expression of a full-length mutant huntingtin protein, much or all of the pathogenic pathway may not be reproduced in animals that express only a small fragment of foreign protein.
In mammals, male determination begins with the expression of Sry (Sex-determining region on Y), which suppresses ovarian promoting genes and turns on Sox9 (Sry-box 9) as part of the testis-determining cascade leading to the activation of doublesex/ MAB-3 related transcription factor 1 (Dmrt1) and differentiation of Sertoli cells (Veitia 2010).
An empirical approach, distinct from eqs 6.12a– 6.12c, begins with the expression of the A n B (n = 1, 2) bond energy using the BEBO method as − V n b n p n, where b n is the bond order, − V n is the bond energy when b n = 1, and p n is generally quite close to unity.
To test whether the reduced number of DAC-positive neurons is a result of apoptosis or of their diminished production, we counted them in mutant embryos at early stage 14, before a pick of neuronal developmental apoptosis occurs and after the beginning of puc expression in the CNS.
Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, the expression of cultural diversity is easier than it was for at least 500 years.
The decrease in statistical significance on day 9 can be attributed to the fact that only one dose of DOX was given at the beginning of the experiment, and the expression of MSH2Y238F slowly faded away.
